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Multiple comparisons arise when a statistical analysis involves multiple simultaneous statistical tests, each of which has a potential to produce a "discovery". A stated confidence level generally applies only to each test considered individually, but often it is desirable to have a confidence level for the whole family of simultaneous tests. [ 4 ]
[3] [4] Identifying and removing (or revising) poorly-performing items is a critical way that psychometric analysis can improve the quality of a measure. When items are scored dichotomously, as in exams with correct and incorrect answers, the item-total correlation may be calculated as either a point-biserial correlation or a biserial ...
In order to calculate the average and standard deviation from aggregate data, it is necessary to have available for each group: the total of values (Σx i = SUM(x)), the number of values (N=COUNT(x)) and the total of squares of the values (Σx i 2 =SUM(x 2)) of each groups.
Fleiss' kappa is a generalisation of Scott's pi statistic, [2] a statistical measure of inter-rater reliability. [3] It is also related to Cohen's kappa statistic and Youden's J statistic which may be more appropriate in certain instances. [4]
Excel 97 included a new and improved PivotTable Wizard, the ability to create calculated fields, and new pivot cache objects that allow developers to write Visual Basic for Applications macros to create and modify pivot tables; Excel 2000 introduced "Pivot Charts" to represent pivot-table data graphically
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One approach is multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE), also known as "fully conditional specification" and "sequential regression multiple imputation." [ 15 ] MICE is designed for missing at random data, though there is simulation evidence to suggest that with a sufficient number of auxiliary variables it can also work on data that ...
Common to all versions are a set of n items, with each item having an associated profit p j and weight w j. The binary decision variable x j is used to select the item. The objective is to pick some of the items, with maximal total profit, while obeying that the maximum total weight of the chosen items must not exceed W .