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The first ghetto of World War II was established on 8 October 1939 at Piotrków Trybunalski (38 days after the invasion), [10] with the Tuliszków ghetto established in December 1939. The first large metropolitan ghetto known as the Łódź Ghetto (Litzmannstadt) followed them in April 1940, and the Warsaw Ghetto in October. Most Jewish ghettos ...
The first large ghetto of World War II at Piotrków Trybunalski was established on October 8, 1939, [37] followed by the Łódź Ghetto in April 1940, the Warsaw Ghetto in October 1940, and many other ghettos established throughout 1940 and 1941. The ghettos were walled off, and any Jew found leaving them was shot.
The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe, with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of 3.4 square kilometres (1 + 3 ⁄ 8 square miles), or 7.2 persons per room. [4] The Łódź Ghetto was the second largest, holding about 160,000 inmates.
Before the German-Soviet invasion of 1939, Kraków was an influential centre for the 60,000–80,000 Polish Jews who had lived there since the 13th century. [2] Persecution of the Jewish population of Kraków began immediately after the German troops entered the city on 6 September 1939 in the course of the German aggression against Poland.
Some 15,000 Jews were working in the ghetto for Walter C. Többens from Hamburg, a convicted war criminal, [55] including at his factories on Prosta and Leszno Streets among other locations. His Jewish labor exploitation was a source of envy for other ghetto inmates living in fear of deportations. [ 54 ]
A child lies on the street in the Warsaw Ghetto, May 1941.Photo by the Wehrmacht Propaganda Company 689, now in German Federal Archives. The liquidation of the Jewish ghettos across occupied Poland was closely connected with the construction of secretive death camps—industrial-scale mass-extermination facilities—built in early 1942 for the sole purpose of murder. [7]
The Piotrków Trybunalski Ghetto (Yiddish: פּיִעטריקאָװ) was created in Piotrków Trybunalski on October 8, 1939, shortly after the 1939 German Invasion of Poland in World War II. [1] It was the first Nazi ghetto in occupied Europe. [2] founded on October 8, 1939 The town was occupied by the Wehrmacht on September 5, 1939.
The ghetto was officially created on July 26, 1941, by the order of German military authorities. The transfer of Jews to a designated area was handled by the Judenrat (formed on June 30). All Poles who lived there were ordered to move out. Up to three Jewish families were placed in single rooms divided by curtains.