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A fluid or water deprivation test is a medical test [1] which can be used to determine whether the patient has diabetes insipidus as opposed to other causes of polydipsia (a condition of excessive thirst that causes an excessive intake of water). The patient is required, for a prolonged period, to forgo intake of water completely, to determine ...
Differential diagnosis includes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, neurogenic/central diabetes insipidus and psychogenic polydipsia. They may be differentiated by using the water deprivation test. Recently, lab assays for antidiuretic hormone are available and can aid in diagnosis.
[1] Diagnosis is often based on urine tests, blood tests and the fluid deprivation test. [1] Despite the name, diabetes insipidus is unrelated to diabetes mellitus and the conditions have a distinct mechanism, though both can result in the production of large amounts of urine. [1] Treatment involves drinking sufficient fluids to prevent ...
Diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory findings of low serum osmolality and low serum sodium. [13] Urinalysis reveals a highly concentrated urine with a high fractional excretion of sodium (high sodium urine content compared to the serum sodium). [14] A suspected diagnosis is based on a serum sodium under 138.
As a diagnosis of exclusion, a diagnosis of primary polydipsia may be the result of elimination of the possibility of diseases causing similar signs and symptoms, such as diabetes insipidus. [12] Diagnosis may be complicated by the fact that chronic and extreme compulsive drinking may impair the response of the kidneys to vasopressin, thus ...
Proteinuria of greater than 3.5 g /24 h /1.73 m 2 (between 3 and 3.5 g/24 h /1.73 m 2 is considered to be proteinuria in the nephrotic range) or greater than 40 mg/h/m 2 in children. [9] [10] The ratio between urinary concentrations of albumin and creatinine can be used in the absence of a 24-hour urine test for total protein. This coefficient ...
Not all patients with diabetes go on to develop diabetic nephropathy. The main risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing diabetic nephropathy are: [2] Poor control of blood glucose; Uncontrolled high blood pressure; Type 1 diabetes mellitus, with onset before age 20; Past or current cigarette use [18]
Nursing diagnoses foster the nurse's independent practice (e.g., patient comfort or relief) compared to dependent interventions driven by physician's orders (e.g., medication administration). [1] Nursing diagnoses are developed based on data obtained during the nursing assessment. A problem-based nursing diagnosis presents a problem response ...