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The remainder of the serum cholesterol after subtracting the HDL is the non-HDL cholesterol. The concentration of these other components, which may cause atheroma , is known as the non-HDL-C . This is now preferred to LDL-C as a secondary marker as it has been shown to be a better predictor and it is more easily calculated.
Total cholesterol is defined as the sum of HDL, LDL, and VLDL. Usually, only the total, HDL, and triglycerides are measured. For cost reasons, the VLDL is usually estimated as one-fifth of the triglycerides and the LDL is estimated using the Friedewald formula (or a variant): estimated LDL = [total cholesterol] − [total HDL] − [estimated ...
where H is HDL cholesterol, L is LDL cholesterol, C is total cholesterol, T are triglycerides, and k is 0.20 if the quantities are measured in mg/dL and 0.45 if in mmol/L. There are limitations to this method, most notably that samples must be obtained after a 12 to 14 h fast and that LDL-C cannot be calculated if plasma triglyceride is >4.52 ...
The term “cholesterol” is thrown around a lot to describe a waxy substance that can build up in your arteries, but there are actually two forms of cholesterol—LDL and HDL. LDL cholesterol is ...
Lp(a), mostly produced in the liver, is one form, along with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). But unlike LDL cholesterol, which can be lowered through diet and ...
A lipid profile or lipid panel is a panel of blood tests used to find abnormalities in blood lipid ( such as cholesterol and triglycerides) concentrations. [not verified in body] The results of this test can identify certain genetic diseases and can determine approximate risks for cardiovascular disease, certain forms of pancreatitis, and other diseases.
For this reason, total LDL is referred to as "bad cholesterol," although only a fraction of it is actually bad. Standard chemistry panels typically include total triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels in the blood. Measuring the concentration of sd-LDL is expensive.
LDL contains apolipoprotein B (apoB), which allows LDL to bind to different tissues, such as the artery wall if the glycocalyx has been damaged by high blood sugar levels. [8] If oxidised, the LDL can become trapped in the proteoglycans, preventing its removal by HDL cholesterol efflux. [8]
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