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  2. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human...

    Some European philosophers saw the book's impact on psychology as comparable to Isaac Newton's impact upon science. Voltaire wrote: [12] Just as a skilled anatomist explains the workings of the human body, so does Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding give the natural history of consciousness.… So many philosophers having written the ...

  3. Dunning–Kruger effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning–Kruger_effect

    Some researchers include a metacognitive component in their definition. In this view, the Dunning–Kruger effect is the thesis that those who are incompetent in a given area tend to be ignorant of their incompetence, i.e., they lack the metacognitive ability to become aware of their incompetence.

  4. Stanford marshmallow experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_marshmallow...

    Experiment 2 focused on how the substantive content of cognitions can affect subsequent delay behavior. The conditions in Experiment 2 were the same as in Experiment 1, with the exception that after the three comprehension questions were asked of the children the experimenter suggested ideas to think about while they were waiting.

  5. Bounded rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded_rationality

    [12] Other heuristics that are closely related to the concept of bounded rationality include the availability heuristic and representativeness heuristic . The availability heuristic refers to how people tend to overestimate the likelihood of events that are easily brought to mind, such as vivid or recent experiences.

  6. The Missing Shade of Blue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Missing_Shade_of_Blue

    Against such interpretation is the fact that Hume himself in Section II calls the "missing shade of blue" as a «proof, that the simple ideas are not always, in every instance, derived from the correspondent impressions», [1] where in Section VI he defines "proof" as not a demonstrative argument but as an argument from experience that «leaves ...

  7. Limit situation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_Situation

    A limit situation (German: Grenzsituation) is any of certain situations in which a human being is said to have experiences that differ from those arising from ordinary situations. [ 1 ] The concept was developed by Karl Jaspers , who considered fright, guilt, finality and suffering as some of the key limit situations arising in everyday life.

  8. Human intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_intelligence

    In psychology, human intelligence is commonly assessed by IQ scores that are determined by IQ tests. In general, higher IQ scores are associated with better outcomes in life. [ 11 ] However, while IQ test scores show a high degree of inter-test reliability , and predict certain forms of achievement effectively, their construct validity as a ...

  9. Linguistic determinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_determinism

    Linguistic determinism is the concept that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. The term implies that people's native languages will affect their thought process and therefore people will have different thought processes based on ...