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Raft is a consensus algorithm designed as an alternative to the Paxos family of algorithms. It was meant to be more understandable than Paxos by means of separation of logic, but it is also formally proven safe and offers some additional features. [1]
A database shard, or simply a shard, is a horizontal partition of data in a database or search engine. Each shard may be held on a separate database server instance, to spread load. Some data in a database remains present in all shards, [a] but some appears only in a single shard. Each shard acts as the single source for this subset of data. [1]
Disk Cloning Software Disk cloning capabilities of various software. Name Operating system User Interface Cloning features Operation model License
Kafka supports two types of topics: Regular and compacted. Regular topics can be configured with a retention time or a space bound. If there are records that are older than the specified retention time or if the space bound is exceeded for a partition, Kafka is allowed to delete old data to free storage space.
In case of network partitioning, sites are partitioned and the partitions may not be able to communicate with each other. This is where a quorum-based technique comes in. The fundamental idea is that a transaction is executed if the majority of sites vote to execute it. Every site in the system is assigned a vote V i.
Every request received by a non-failing node in the system must result in a response. This is the definition of availability in CAP theorem as defined by Gilbert and Lynch. [1] Note that availability as defined in CAP theorem is different from high availability in software architecture. [5] Partition tolerance
Replication in computing refers to maintaining multiple copies of data, processes, or resources to ensure consistency across redundant components. This fundamental technique spans databases, file systems, and distributed systems, serving to improve availability, fault-tolerance, accessibility, and performance. [1]
Partitioning is commonly implemented alongside replication, storing partition copies across multiple nodes. Each record belongs to one partition but may exist on multiple nodes for fault tolerance. In leader-follower replication systems, nodes can simultaneously serve as leaders for some partitions and followers for others. [1]