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Catarrh (/ k ə ˈ t ɑːr / kə-TAR) is an inflammation of mucous membranes in one of the airways or cavities of the body, [1] [2] usually with reference to the throat and paranasal sinuses. It can result in a thick exudate of mucus and white blood cells caused by the swelling of the mucous membranes in the head in response to an infection.
While a sore throat can be a side effect of many other illnesses, it's the most telling symptom of strep throat - contributing to more than 5 million physician visits a year in the United States ...
Trismus is defined as painful restriction in opening the mouth due to a muscle spasm, [5] however it can also refer to limited mouth opening of any cause. [6] Another definition of trismus is simply a limitation of movement. [4]
[3] [4] This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold. [5]: 28 Most infections are viral in nature, and in other instances, the cause is bacterial. [6] URTIs can also be fungal or helminthic in origin, but these are less common. [7]: 443–445
Throat swab. Differentiating a viral and a bacterial cause of a sore throat based on symptoms alone is difficult. [29] Thus, a throat swab often is done to rule out a bacterial cause. [30] The modified Centor criteria may be used to determine the management of people with pharyngitis. Based on five clinical criteria, it indicates the ...
A fever, sore throat, and fatigue may also occur. [1] [2] Joint pain is common in adults. [1] Complications may include bleeding problems, testicular swelling, encephalitis, and inflammation of nerves. [1] Infection during early pregnancy may result in a miscarriage or a child born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). [3]
All sides of the tongue are assessed. To inspect the dorsal side (top) of the tongue, a patient sticks out their tongue. A healthy dorsal tongue is symmetrical, pink, moist, slightly rough from the papillae, possibly with a thin, whitish coating. The sides of the tongue are inspected with a gloved hand holding a piece of gauze.
It is not known whether antibiotics are effective for preventing recurrent sore throat. [14] There is only limited evidence that a hot drink can help alleviate a sore throat, and other common cold and influenza symptoms. [15] If the sore throat is unrelated to a cold and is caused by, for example, tonsillitis, a cold drink may be helpful. [16]