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Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. [1] They are produced in the gut , and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate . [ 2 ]
Urolithin A is a metabolite compound resulting from the transformation of ellagitannins by the gut bacteria. [1] It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzo-coumarins or dibenzo-α-pyrones.
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is allograft bone that has had the inorganic mineral removed, leaving behind the organic "collagen" matrix. It was first discovered by Marshall Urist in 1965 that the removal of the bone mineral exposes more biologically active bone morphogenetic proteins . [ 1 ]
Hydroxyapatite is present in bones and teeth; bone is made primarily of HA crystals interspersed in a collagen matrix—65 to 70% of the mass of bone is HA. Similarly HA is 70 to 80% of the mass of dentin and enamel in teeth. In enamel, the matrix for HA is formed by amelogenins and enamelins instead of collagen. [17]
It is a primary constituent of bone, teeth, and fish scales. [33] Bone is made primarily of HA crystals interspersed in a collagen matrix—65 to 70% of the mass of bone is HA. Similarly, HA is 70 to 80% of the mass of dentin and enamel in teeth. In enamel, the matrix for HA is formed by amelogenins and enamelins instead of collagen. [34]
In biology, matrix (pl.: matrices) is the material (or tissue) in between a eukaryotic organism's cells. The structure of connective tissues is an extracellular matrix. Fingernails and toenails grow from matrices. It is found in various connective tissues. It serves as a jelly-like structure instead of cytoplasm in connective tissue.
The chitin is highly ordered and is the framework of the matrix. The main elements of the overall are: [17] The silk gel fills the matrix to be mineralized before the mineralization takes place. [17] The highly ordered chitin determines the orientation of the crystals. [17] The components of the matrix are spatially distinguishable. [17]
Bone tissue is a dynamic system with active metabolism. [24] Bone tissue remodelling or bone remodeling is a successive chain of old bone matrix removal and its replacement with a new one. [25] These processes make a child’s skeleton grow and extend, while childhood is characterized by bone tissue growth rather than its resorption.