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Memantine is a low-affinity voltage-dependent uncompetitive antagonist at glutamatergic NMDA receptors. [32] [33] By binding to the NMDA receptor with a higher affinity than Mg 2+ ions, memantine is able to inhibit the prolonged influx of Ca 2+ ions, particularly from extrasynaptic receptors, which forms the basis of neuronal excitotoxicity.
Memantine (Namenda) - treats Dementia and Alzheimer's. N. Neurontin – an anticonvulsant which is sometimes used as a mood stabilizer, anti-anxiety agent or to ...
Memantine/donepezil, sold under the brand name Namzaric among others, is a fixed dose combination medication used for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer's type. [1] It contains memantine , as the hydrochloride, a NMDA receptor antagonist ; and donepezil as the hydrochloride, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor . [ 1 ]
Olney's lesions, also known as NMDA receptor antagonist neurotoxicity (NAT), is a form of brain damage consisting of selective death of neurons but not glia, observed in restricted brain regions of rats and certain other animal models exposed to large quantities of psychoactive drugs that inhibit the normal operation of the neuronal NMDA receptor.
The -NH 2 group on memantine, which is protonated under physiological pH of the body, represents the region that binds at or near to the Mg 2+ site. [18] Adding two methyl groups to the -N on the memantine structure has shown to decrease affinity, giving an IC 50 value of (28.4+1.4) μM.
Like memantine, nitromemantine is a low-affinity voltage-dependent uncompetitive antagonist at glutamatergic NMDA receptors, however nitromemantine selectively inhibits extrasynaptic NMDA receptors while sparing normal physiological synaptic NMDA receptor activity, resulting in less side effects and a greater neuroprotective action, as well as stimulating regrowth of synapses with prolonged ...
Blood or plasma ketamine concentrations are usually in a range of 0.5–5.0 mg/L in persons receiving the drug therapeutically (during general anesthesia), 1–2 mg/L in those arrested for impaired driving, and 3–20 mg/L in victims of acute fatal overdosage. Urine is often the preferred specimen for routine drug use monitoring purposes.
Nicergoline, sold under the brand name Sermion among others, is an ergot derivative used to treat senile dementia and other disorders with vascular origins. Internationally it has been used for frontotemporal dementia as well as early onset in Lewy body dementia and Parkinson's dementia.