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R = x max - x min. The normal distribution is the basis for the charts and requires the following assumptions: The quality characteristic to be monitored is adequately modeled by a normally distributed random variable; The parameters μ and σ for the random variable are the same for each unit and each unit is independent of its predecessors or ...
The X-bar chart is always used in conjunction with a variation chart such as the ¯ and R chart or ¯ and s chart. The R-chart shows sample ranges (difference between the largest and the smallest values in the sample), while the s-chart shows the samples' standard deviation. The R-chart was preferred in times when calculations were performed ...
IBM Lotus Symphony – freeware for MS Windows, Apple Mac OS X and Linux. Kingsoft Office Spreadsheets 2012 – For MS Windows. Both free and paid versions are available. It can handle Microsoft Excel .xls and .xlsx files, and also produce other file formats such as .et, .txt, .csv, .pdf, and .dbf. It supports multiple tabs, VBA macro and PDF ...
A histogram, a type of bar chart, may be used for this analysis. [55] Correlation: Comparison between observations represented by two variables (X,Y) to determine if they tend to move in the same or opposite directions. For example, plotting unemployment (X) and inflation (Y) for a sample of months. A scatter plot is typically used for this ...
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column chart and has been identified as the prototype of charts. [1]
Module:Chart creates bar and pie charts on Wikipedia without need for external tools; Many spreadsheet, drawing, and desktop publishing programs allow you to create graphs and export them as images. gnuplot can produce a wide variety of charts and graphs; see samples with source code at Commons. In Python using matplotlib
Each bar can also have a comment, such as "comment7=xx" to show "(xx)" after the number in bar 7. For a 2-column bar chart, the 2nd column items have prefix "col2_" such as scale maximum, col2_data_max=110, and col2_data3=67 with col2_comment3=zz. See below: "Example with two data columns". Each bar chart can be formatted typically within 1/5 ...
As with the ¯ and R and individuals control charts, the ¯ chart is only valid if the within-sample variability is constant. [5] Thus, the s chart is examined before the x ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} chart; if the s chart indicates the sample variability is in statistical control, then the x ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} chart is examined to ...