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Its name properly refers the Eastern emperor Valens but some also hold it to have honoured Valentinian. [6] Some researchers such as S. H. Rosenbaum, [citation needed] who place Valentia in far northern Britain also believe the name included wordplay with the Latin vallum ("wall"), cf. the island Munitia (wordplay on munitio) of Aethicus Ister's Cosmography.
Scotland during the Roman Empire refers to the protohistorical period during which the Roman Empire interacted within the area of modern Scotland. Despite sporadic attempts at conquest and government between the first and fourth centuries AD, most of modern Scotland, inhabited by the Caledonians and the Maeatae , was not incorporated into the ...
Luguvalium (or Luguvalium Carvetiorum) was an ancient Roman city in northern Britain located within present-day Carlisle, Cumbria, and may have been the capital of the 4th-century province of Valentia. It was the northernmost city of the Roman Empire.
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Caledonia (/ ˌ k æ l ɪ ˈ d oʊ n i ə /; Latin: Calēdonia [kaleːˈdonia]) was the Latin name used by the Roman Empire to refer to the part of Scotland that lies north of the River Forth, which includes most of the land area of Scotland. [1] Today, it is used as a romantic or poetic name for all of Scotland. [2]
After the Roman withdrawal in the early 5th century, the lands of the Votadini became part of the area known as the Hen Ogledd (the "Old North"). By about 470, a new kingdom of Gododdin had emerged covering most of the original Votadini territory, while the southern part between the Tweed and the Tyne formed its own separate kingdom called ...
However, "Caer Custoeint" and "Caer Brithon" are not included, the former having an unknown location and the latter being in Scotland and unlikely to actually have been a Roman civitas. [2] Many of the Roman civitates transitioned into Anglo-Saxon settlements during the Dark Ages, remaining as cities or large towns today. Others, however, fell ...
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