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  2. List of purification methods in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purification...

    Sublimation is the process of changing of any substance (usually on heating) from a solid to a gas (or from gas to a solid) without passing through liquid phase. In terms of purification - material is heated, often under vacuum, and the vapors of the material are then condensed back to a solid on a cooler surface.

  3. RCA clean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_clean

    The first step (called SC-1, where SC stands for Standard Clean) is performed with a solution of (ratios may vary) [2] 5 parts of deionized water; 1 part of ammonia water, (29% by weight of NH 3) 1 part of aqueous H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide, 30%) at 75 or 80 °C [1] typically for 10 minutes. This base-peroxide mixture removes organic residues.

  4. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes.

  5. Ultrapure water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrapure_water

    Ultrapure water (UPW), high-purity water or highly purified water (HPW) is water that has been purified to uncommonly stringent specifications. Ultrapure water is a term commonly used in manufacturing to emphasize the fact that the water is treated to the highest levels of purity for all contaminant types, including organic and inorganic compounds, dissolved and particulate matter, and ...

  6. Purified water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purified_water

    Historically, it was the de facto standard for highly purified laboratory water for biochemistry and used in laboratory trace analysis until combination purification methods of water purification became widespread. [citation needed]

  7. Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis

    Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. RO applies pressure to overcome osmotic pressure that favors even distributions.

  8. Chloride process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_process

    The chloride process is used to separate titanium from its ores. The goal of the process is to win high purity titanium dioxide from ores such as ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) and rutile (TiO 2 ). The strategy exploits the volatility of TiCl 4 , which is readily purified and converted to the dioxide.

  9. Zinc smelting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_smelting

    The purification process utilizes the cementation process to further purify the zinc. It uses zinc dust and steam to remove copper, cadmium, cobalt, and nickel, which would interfere with the electrolysis process. After purification, concentrations of these impurities are limited to less than 0.05 milligram per liter (4×10 −7 pound per U.S ...

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