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Contrary to Fatou's lemma, this value is strictly less than the integral of the limit (0). As discussed in § Extensions and variations of Fatou's lemma below, the problem is that there is no uniform integrable bound on the sequence from below, while 0 is the uniform bound from above.
In multivariable calculus, an iterated limit is a limit of a sequence or a limit of a function in the form , = (,), (,) = ((,)),or other similar forms. An iterated limit is only defined for an expression whose value depends on at least two variables. To evaluate such a limit, one takes the limiting process as one of the two variables approaches some number, getting an expression whose value ...
In general, any infinite series is the limit of its partial sums. For example, an analytic function is the limit of its Taylor series, within its radius of convergence. = =. This is known as the harmonic series. [6]
For example, the fact that any convergent sequence in a metric space is a Cauchy sequence is a direct consequence of the triangle inequality, because if we choose any x n and x m such that d(x n, x) < ε/2 and d(x m, x) < ε/2, where ε > 0 is given and arbitrary (as in the definition of a limit in a metric space), then by the triangle ...
In mathematics, the following inequality is known as Titu's lemma, Bergström's inequality, Engel's form or Sedrakyan's inequality, respectively, referring to the article About the applications of one useful inequality of Nairi Sedrakyan published in 1997, [1] to the book Problem-solving strategies of Arthur Engel published in 1998 and to the book Mathematical Olympiad Treasures of Titu ...
This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.
Euler was aware of the equality 59 4 + 158 4 = 133 4 + 134 4 involving sums of four fourth powers; this, however, is not a counterexample because no term is isolated on one side of the equation. He also provided a complete solution to the four cubes problem as in Plato's number 3 3 + 4 3 + 5 3 = 6 3 or the taxicab number 1729.
The example function (,) = (+) illustrates that the equality does not hold for every function. A theorem giving conditions on f, W, and Z which guarantee the saddle point property is called a minimax theorem.