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QuickLOAD mainly helps reloaders understand how changing variables can affect barrel harmonics, pressures and muzzle velocities. It can predict the effect of changes in ambient temperature, bullet seating depth, and barrel length. However, QuickLOAD has limitations, as it is merely a computer simulation.
This is a table of orthonormalized spherical harmonics that employ the Condon-Shortley phase up to degree =. Some of these formulas are expressed in terms of the Cartesian expansion of the spherical harmonics into polynomials in x , y , z , and r .
For handgun cartridges, with heavy bullets and light powder charges (a 9×19mm, for example, might use 5 grains (320 mg) of powder, and a 115 grains (7.5 g) bullet), the powder recoil is not a significant force; for a rifle cartridge (a .22-250 Remington, using 40 grains (2.6 g) of powder and a 40 grains (2.6 g) bullet), the powder can be the ...
Miller twist rule is a mathematical formula derived by American physical chemist and historian of science Donald G. Miller (1927-2012) to determine the rate of twist to apply to a given bullet to provide optimum stability using a rifled barrel. [1]
The spin-weighted harmonics are organized by degree l, just like ordinary spherical harmonics, but have an additional spin weight s that reflects the additional U(1) symmetry. A special basis of harmonics can be derived from the Laplace spherical harmonics Y lm, and are typically denoted by s Y lm, where l and m are the usual parameters ...
Transitional ballistics, also known as intermediate ballistics, [1] is the study of a projectile's behavior from the time it leaves the muzzle until the pressure behind the projectile is equalized, so it lies between internal ballistics and external ballistics. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Excessive hammer blow from high slipping speeds was a cause of kinked rails with new North American 4–6–4s and 4–8–4s that followed the 1934 A.A.R. recommendation to balance 40% of the reciprocating weight. [8] Out-of-balance inertia forces in the wheel can cause different vertical oscillations depending on the track stiffness.
Harmonics: The act of firing a gun generates a rapid pressure increase within the barrel bore, causing the barrel to resonate and vibrate in a rope-like fashion. The resultant harmonic oscillations of the barrel affect the terminal phase of the projectile's internal ballistics and in turn the initial status of its external ballistics , and ...
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