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Winemaking, wine-making, or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine -making stretches over millennia.
While a small amount stays presence in the wine as carbonic acid, most of the gas will rise to the surface of the fermentation vessel and attempt to escape into the air. If the fermentation vessel is closed (such as a sealed wine bottle used to make sparkling wine), the gas will dissolve into the wine and when released will make the wine sparkling.
The traditional method for producing sparkling wine is the process used in the Champagne region of France to produce Champagne. It is also the method used in various French regions to produce sparkling wines (not called "Champagne"), in Spain to produce cava , in Portugal to produce Espumante and in Italy to produce Franciacorta .
An American Viticultural Area (AVA) is a designated appellation for American wine in the United States distinguishable by geographic, geologic, and climatic features, with boundaries defined by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) of the United States Department of the Treasury. [1]
Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691127842. Patrick E. McGovern (2010). Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Wine, Beer, and Other Alcoholic Beverages. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520267985. Emlyn K. Dodd (2020). Roman and Late Antique wine production in the eastern ...
[2] [6] Napa Valley is considered one of the premier wine regions in the world. [7] Historical records of viticulture in the region date back to the nineteenth century, [8] but the modern premium wine production grew in the 1960s. [7] The combination of Mediterranean climate, geography and geology of the region are conducive to growing quality ...
Wine press – device used to extract juice from crushed grapes during wine making. History of the wine press; Must – freshly pressed fruit juice (usually grape juice) that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. Pomace – solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp ...
The natural occurrence of fermentation means it was probably first observed long ago by humans. [3] The earliest uses of the word "fermentation" in relation to winemaking was in reference to the apparent "boiling" within the must that came from the anaerobic reaction of the yeast to the sugars in the grape juice and the release of carbon dioxide.