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According to a 2016 study by faculty at the University of New South Wales, getting a flu shot was as effective or better at preventing a heart attack than even quitting smoking. [105] A 2024 CDC study found that the 2024 flu vaccine reduced the risk of hospitalization from the flu by 35% in the Southern Hemisphere. [106]
In general, influenza vaccines are only effective if there is an antigenic match between vaccine strains and circulating strains. [10] [2] Most commercially available flu vaccines are manufactured by propagation of influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs, taking 6–8 months. [2]
The 1889–1890 pandemic, often referred to as the Asiatic flu [57] or Russian flu, killed about 1 million people [58] [59] out of a world population of about 1.5 billion. It was long believed to be caused by an influenza A subtype (most often H2N2), but recent analysis largely brought on by the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak and the COVID-19 pandemic ...
In June 2010, a team at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine reported the 2009 flu pandemic vaccine provided some cross-protection against the Spanish flu pandemic strain. [369] One of the few things known for certain about influenza in 1918 and for some years after was that it was, except in the laboratory, exclusively a disease of human beings ...
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The cost of delivering a gallon (3.8 L) of milk is about $3.50 in many villages where per capita income can be $20,000 or less. Fuel cost per gallon is routinely twenty to thirty cents higher than the contiguous United States average, with only Hawaii having higher prices. [142] [143]
The smallpox vaccine is used to prevent smallpox infection caused by the variola virus. [10] It is the first vaccine to have been developed against a contagious disease. In 1796, British physician Edward Jenner demonstrated that an infection with the relatively mild cowpox virus conferred immunity against the deadly smallpox virus.
In September 2020, Johnson & Johnson started its 60,000-person phase 3 adenovirus-based vaccine trial. [105] The trial was paused on October 12, 2020, because a volunteer became ill, [106] but the company said it found no evidence that the vaccine had caused the illness and announced on October 23, 2020, that it would resume the trial. [107] [108]