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In chemistry, a sulfonyl halide consists of a sulfonyl (>S(=O) 2) group singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula RSO 2 X, where X is a halogen.The stability of sulfonyl halides decreases in the order fluorides > chlorides > bromides > iodides, all four types being well known.
Sulfuryl fluoride (also spelled sulphuryl fluoride) is an inorganic compound with the formula SO 2 F 2. It is an easily condensed gas and has properties more similar to sulfur hexafluoride than sulfuryl chloride , being resistant to hydrolysis even up to 150 °C. [ 3 ]
Zinc nitrate is usually prepared by dissolving zinc metal, zinc oxide, or related materials in nitric acid: Zn + 2 HNO 3 → Zn(NO 3) 2 + H 2 ZnO + 2 HNO 3 → Zn(NO 3) 2 + H 2 O. These reactions are accompanied by the hydration of the zinc nitrate. The anhydrous salt arises by the reaction of anhydrous zinc chloride with nitrogen dioxide: [1]
The modest acidity of carbons adjacent to the sulfonyl group has made sulfones useful for organic synthesis. Upon removal of the sulfonyl group with desulfonylation or reductive elimination, the net result is the formation of a carbon-carbon bond single or double bond between two unfunctionalized carbons, a ubiquitous motif in synthetic targets.
A common nitrate test, known as the brown ring test [2] can be performed by adding iron(II) sulfate to a solution of a nitrate, then slowly adding concentrated sulfuric acid such that the acid forms a layer below the aqueous solution. A brown ring will form at the junction of the two layers, indicating the presence of the nitrate ion. [3]
Trimethylsilyl enol ethers react with NfF in the presence of a substoichiometric fluoride source at 0 °C to ambient temperature to give alkenyl nonaflates in moderate to good yields. Dried tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride was the preferred fluoride source in one study, [6] but CsF has been used in difficult cases with excellent results. [7]
A neutralization reaction is a type of double replacement reaction. A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with an equal amount of a base. This reaction usually produces a salt. One example, hydrochloric acid reacts with disodium iron tetracarbonyl to produce the iron dihydride: 2 HCl + Na 2 Fe(CO) 4 → 2 NaCl + H 2 Fe(CO) 4
A classic preparation of sulfonates is the Strecker sulfite alkylation, in which an alkali sulfite salt displaces a halide, typically in the presence of an iodine catalyst: [1] RX + M 2 SO 3 → RSO 3 M + MX. An alternative is the condensation of a sulfonyl halide with an alcohol in pyridine: [2] ROH + R'SO 2 Cl → ROSO 2 R' + HCl