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The Bhagidari System (Hindi: जन भागीदारी, people partnership) is an initiative of the government of the state of Delhi in India to promote broad-based civic participation in local governance. [1]
A ZZPer (meaning Zelfstandige Zonder Personeel or self-employed without staff) is an entrepreneur who does not employ any staff to run their business. A business can be a sole proprietorship and also employ staff in which case the entrepreneur does not qualify as a ZZPer.
This definition superseded the previous definition given in section 239 of Indian Contract Act 1872 as – "Partnership is the relation which subsists between persons who have agreed to combine their property, labor, skill in some business, and to share the profits thereof between them". The 1932 definition added the concept of mutual agency.
Rental activities, one may even materially participate in them unless he is a real estate professional. Trade or business activities in which one does not materially participate during the year. [20] Portfolio income (interest, dividends, royalties, gains on stocks and bonds) is considered passive income by some analysts.
Economics of participation is an umbrella term spanning the economic analysis of worker cooperatives, labor-managed firms, profit sharing, gain sharing, employee ownership, employee stock ownership plans, works councils, codetermination, and other mechanisms which employees use to participate in their firm's decision making and financial results.
The interests of "society at large" were added into the definition in 2008. [15] The development of the definition may be seen by comparing the 2008 definition with the AMA's 1935 version: "Marketing is the performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods, and services from producers to consumers". [16]
A strategic alliance is an agreement between two or more players to share resources or knowledge, to be beneficial to all parties involved. It is a way to supplement internal assets, capabilities and activities, with access to needed resources or processes from outside players such as suppliers, customers, competitors, companies in different industries, brand owners, universities, institutes ...
Commerce is the organized system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered large-scale distribution and transfer (exchange through buying and selling) of goods and services at the right time, place, quantity, quality and price through various channels among the original producers and the final consumers within local ...