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Myostatin inhibitors were generally able to increase lean body mass and reduce body fat in people with sarcopenia, but the extent to which this translated into functional improvements varied. [ 11 ] Bimagrumab showed effectiveness in increasing lean mass and reducing fat mass in obese individuals in a clinical trial.
Furthermore, individuals who have mutations in both copies of the myostatin gene (popularly—but inaccurately—called the "Hercules gene") have significantly more muscle mass and are stronger than normal. There is hope that studies into myostatin may have therapeutic application in treating muscle wasting diseases such as muscular dystrophy. [12]
Cachexia can increase metabolism and suppress appetite, worsening the present muscle loss. [22] Studies show that high-calorie, protein-rich diets may help stabilize weight, though they do not necessarily improve muscle mass. [17] Current recommendations include 1.5g/kg/day of protein, making up 15-20% of daily calories. [20]
Another study determined that muscle protein synthesis was elevated even 72 hours following training. [24] A small study performed on young and elderly found that ingestion of 340 grams of lean beef (90 g protein) did not increase muscle protein synthesis any more than ingestion of 113 grams of lean beef (30 g protein).
A 2005 Finnish survey study found an association between long term (over three months) use of NSAIDs and erectile dysfunction. [70] A 2011 publication [71] in The Journal of Urology received widespread publicity. [72] According to the study, men who used NSAIDs regularly were at significantly increased risk of erectile dysfunction.
L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT; EC 2.1.4.1) is the enzyme that catalyses the transfer of an amidino group from L-arginine to glycine. The products are L-ornithine and glycocyamine, also known as guanidinoacetate, the immediate precursor of creatine. Creatine and its phosphorylated form play a central role in the energy metabolism ...
The first was a single-dose study published as a conference abstract in 2010 and the second was a multi-dose study published as a journal article in 2013. [11] [4] [2] The multi-dose phase 1 trial published in 2013 reported that LGD-4033 dose-dependently improved lean body mass and muscle strength in 76 healthy young men over 21 days. [2]
When the enzyme adenosine deaminase is deficient in the body, the result is a toxic build-up of metabolites that impair lymphocyte development and function. [9] Many ADA deficient children with SCID have been treated with the polyethylene glycol-conjugated adenosine deaminase (PEG-ADA) enzyme.