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Brown dwarfs are substellar objects that have more mass than the biggest gas giant planets, but less than the least massive main-sequence stars.Their mass is approximately 13 to 80 times that of Jupiter (M J) [2] [3] —not big enough to sustain nuclear fusion of ordinary hydrogen (1 H) into helium in their cores, but massive enough to emit some light and heat from the fusion of deuterium (2 H).
The effective temperature of the Sun (5778 kelvins) is the temperature a black body of the same size must have to yield the same total emissive power.. The effective temperature of a star is the temperature of a black body with the same luminosity per surface area (F Bol) as the star and is defined according to the Stefan–Boltzmann law F Bol = σT eff 4.
At the time of its discovery, WD 0806-661 b was the coldest brown dwarf ever discovered, with a temperature of 325-350 Kelvin (52-77 °C or 125-170 °F) [2] and also had the largest separation from its star at about 2,500 AU at the time of its discovery. The photometric colors of the object suggest it is metal-poor. [3]
The temperature at their cloud tops was about 1,700 degrees Fahrenheit (925 degrees Celsius), similar to a candle flame. ... Brown dwarfs are neither a star nor a planet, but something in between. ...
Main-sequence stars vary in surface temperature from approximately 2,000 to 50,000 K, whereas more-evolved stars – in particular, newly-formed white dwarfs – can have surface temperatures above 100,000 K. [3] Physically, the classes indicate the temperature of the star's atmosphere and are normally listed from hottest to coldest.
The smaller companion, CFBDSIR 1458+10B, has a surface temperature of approx 370 K (≈100 °C) [6] [7]. It used to be known as the coolest known brown dwarf until the discovery of WISE 1828+2650 in August 2011. [8]
It is the fourth-closest star or (sub-) brown dwarf system to the Sun and was discovered by Kevin Luhman in 2013 using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). It is the coldest brown dwarf found in interstellar space, having a temperature of about 285 K (12 °C; 53 °F). [4]
Similar to Gliese 570 D, this brown dwarf is thought to have a surface temperature of about 810 K (537 °C). [11] When 54 Piscium B was directly imaged by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, it was shown that the brown dwarf had a projected separation of around 476 astronomical units from the primary star.