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There may be more than one spar in a wing or none at all. Where a single spar carries most of the force, it is known as the main spar. [1] Spars are also used in other aircraft aerofoil surfaces such as the tailplane and fin and serve a similar function, although the loads transmitted may be different from those of a wing spar.
The Couzinet 33 was made of wood, with a thick cantilever wing with thickness of 60 cm (24 in) at the wing roots; with no dihedral on the upper surface. The wing main-spar was continuous from wing-tip to wing-tip; and the rear spars attached to the fuselage sides.
The Mite is constructed mainly of fabric-covered wood, with a single spruce and plywood "D" wing spar. The wing aft of the spar is fabric-covered. [2] The airfoil selected for the design was the NACA 64A215. [3] The M-18 represented the first time a NACA 6-series airfoil had been used on a civil aircraft after World War II. [1]
Nine spars tested to 1 ton of load each. [5] Likely encountering a Junkers F.13, Bill Stout abandoned wood construction for metal corrugated skinning over a metal frame. [6] To reduce drag, the aircraft employed a cantilever wing without support wires or struts. This required a "thick" wing to build a spar deep enough to support the aircraft.
The mast of a sailing vessel is a tall spar, or arrangement of spars, erected more or less vertically on the centre-line of a ship or boat. Its purposes include carrying sails, spars, and derricks, giving necessary height to a navigation light, look-out position, signal yard, control position, radio aerial or signal lamp. [1]
A spar is a pole of wood, metal or lightweight materials such as carbon fibre used in the rigging of a sailing vessel to carry or support its sail. These include yards , booms , and masts , which serve both to deploy sail and resist compressive and bending forces, as well as the bowsprit and spinnaker pole .
The lower plane was of traditional biplane style using two spars, but the upper section was of "monoplane" style and used only one spar. The upper wing was used to provide lateral stability through wing-warping, while the lower wing remained rigid. The entire wing structure was designed to be foldable and detachable. [1]
The wing, with a rectangular plan and a thin aerofoil section, was a one piece, wooden structure built around two spars and fabric-covered. It was braced on each side with a parallel pair of struts to the spars from the lower fuselage longerons. An unusual pyramid of long struts on each side from the mid and lower fuselage braced the forward ...