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Naturally occurring platinum and platinum-rich alloys were known by pre-Columbian Americans for many years. [5] However, even though the metal was used by pre-Columbian peoples, the first European reference to platinum appears in 1557 in the writings of the Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558) as a description of a mysterious metal found in Central American mines between ...
Palladium is also used in jewelry, dentistry, [41] [42] watch making, blood sugar test strips, aircraft spark plugs, surgical instruments, and electrical contacts. [43] Palladium is also used to make some professional transverse (concert or classical) flutes. [44] As a commodity, palladium bullion has ISO currency codes of XPD and 964.
The Modikwa platinum mine is a large underground mine in the north-eastern part of South Africa northwest of Burgersfort, Limpopo. It is part of the Bushveld Igneous Complex . Modikwa represents one of the largest platinum reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 215.2 million tonnes of ore grading 2 g/t platinum , 1.87 g/t ...
Only gold, silver, copper and the platinum group occur native in large amounts. [citation needed] Over geological time scales, very few metals can resist natural weathering processes like oxidation, so mainly the less reactive metals such as gold and platinum are found as native metals. The others usually occur as isolated pockets where a ...
Platinum, along with the rest of the platinum-group metals, is obtained commercially as a by-product from nickel and copper mining and processing. During electrorefining of copper , noble metals such as silver, gold and the platinum-group metals as well as selenium and tellurium settle to the bottom of the cell as "anode mud", which forms the ...
Mines of the Merensky Reef. The Merensky Reef is a layer of igneous rock in the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) in the North West, Limpopo, Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa which together with an underlying layer, the Upper Group 2 Reef (UG2), contains most of the world's known reserves of platinum group metals (PGMs) or platinum group elements (PGEs)—platinum, palladium ...
Platinum is traded in the spot market with the code "XPT". When settled in United States dollars, the code is "XPTUSD". As the cost of platinum per ounce fell, the cost per ounce for other metals in the platinum group - especially palladium - rose strongly. As of November 2022, palladium sits at around US$1900 per ounce, compared to US$980 for ...
Sibanye-Stillwater has established itself as one of the world's largest primary producers of platinum, palladium, and rhodium and is also a top-tier gold producer. It produces other platinum group metals (PGMs) such as iridium and ruthenium, along with chrome, copper and nickel as by-products. The Group has recently begun to build and diversify ...