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There were a succession of Soviet secret police agencies over time. The Okhrana was abolished by the Provisional government after the first revolution of 1917, and the first secret police after the October Revolution, created by Vladimir Lenin's decree on December 20, 1917, was called "Cheka" (ЧК).
It was the direct successor of preceding Soviet secret police agencies including the Cheka, OGPU, and NKVD. Attached to the Council of Ministers, it was the chief government agency of "union-republican jurisdiction", carrying out internal security, foreign intelligence, counter-intelligence and secret police functions.
The People's Commissariat for State Security (Russian: Народный комиссариат государственной безопасности, romanized: Narodnyy komissariat gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti) or NKGB, was the name of the Soviet secret police, intelligence and counter-intelligence force that existed from 3 February 1941 to 20 July 1941, and again from 1943 to 1946, before ...
The Division was also responsible for guarding important agencies and installations of the secret police themselves. [18] A number of the top officials from this department were implicated in the Doctors' Plot, showing the inherent mistrust and suspicion within the Soviet security apparatus. [19]
Geheime Feldpolizei (Secret Field Police) – The Wehrmacht's version of the Gestapo SS-Sicherheitsdienst (SS Security Service) – The intelligence agency of the Nazi Party and the SS Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS or Stasi) (Ministry for State Security) – active in the German Democratic Republic during the Cold War
Forerunners of the Okhrana as a Russian security service included the Secret Prikaz (Taynyy Prikaz ) (1654–1676), the Preobrazhensky Prikaz (1686–1726), the Secret Chancellery (1731–1762), the Secret Expedition (1762–1801), and the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery (1826–1880).
The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) secret police organization, and thus had a monopoly on intelligence and state security functions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The NKVD is known for carrying out political repression and the Great Purge under Joseph Stalin , as well as counterintelligence and other operations on the ...
The National Intelligence Directorate, or DINA, was a powerful secret police agency under the rule of Augusto Pinochet, which was charged with killings and torture related to repression of political opponents. [62] Chilean government investigations found that over 30,000 people were tortured by the agency. [63]