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A saprotroph is a type of decomposer that feeds exclusively on dead and decaying plant matter. [2] Saprotrophic organisms include fungi, bacteria, and water molds which are critical to decomposition and nutrient cycling, providing nutrition for consumers at higher trophic levels. They obtain nutrients via absorptive nutrition, in which ...
Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus. [4] Capecitabine, inside the body, is converted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) through which it acts. [4] It belongs to the class of medications known as fluoropyrimidines, which also includes 5-FU and tegafur. [5] Capecitabine was patented in 1992 and approved for medical use in 1998. [6]
MOPP was the first combination chemotherapy brought in that achieved a high success rate. It was developed at the National Cancer Institute in the 1960s by a team that included Vincent DeVita, Jr. Although no longer the most effective combination, MOPP is still used after relapse or where the patient has certain allergies or lung or heart ...
In some cases, chemoprophylaxis is initiated to prevent the spread of an existing infection in an individual to a new organ system, as when intrathecal chemotherapy is administered in patients with malignancy to prevent further infection. The use of chemoprophylaxis is limited primarily by two factors: risk and financial costs.
Saprotrophic nutrition / s æ p r ə ˈ t r ɒ f ɪ k,-p r oʊ-/ [1] or lysotrophic nutrition [2] [3] is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter.
Opioids can cross both the placental and blood-brain barriers, which poses risks to fetuses and newborns exposed to these drugs before birth. This exposure to opioids during pregnancy can lead to potential obstetric complications, including spontaneous abortion, abruption of the placenta, pre-eclampsia, prelabor rupture of membranes, and fetal death.
Mesna concentrates in the bladder where acrolein accumulates after administration of chemotherapy and through a Michael addition, forms a conjugate with acrolein and other urotoxic metabolites. [5] This conjugation reaction inactivates the urotoxic compounds to harmless metabolites. The metabolites are then excreted in the urine. [8]
Heartburn is a common symptom of late term pregnancy during which up to 80% of pregnant women have experienced it by the end of their third trimester. [12] Heartburn often indicates the development of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), where the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes due to elevated progesterone levels causing increased ...