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In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (pl.: schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of ...
Four main theoretical concepts in schema therapy are early maladaptive schemas (or simply schemas), coping styles, modes, and core emotional needs: [3] In cognitive psychology, a schema is an organized pattern of thought and behavior. It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of ...
An image schema (both schemas and schemata are used as plural forms) is a recurring structure within our cognitive processes which establishes patterns of understanding and reasoning. As an understudy to embodied cognition , image schemas are formed from our bodily interactions, [ 1 ] from linguistic experience, and from historical context.
This is a list of maladaptive schemas, often called early maladaptive schemas, in schema therapy, a theory and method of psychotherapy.An early maladaptive schema is a pervasive self-defeating or dysfunctional theme or pattern of memories, emotions, and physical sensations, developed during childhood or adolescence and elaborated throughout one's lifetime, that often has the form of a belief ...
The self is visualized as a schema that is involved with processing personal information, interpretation, and memories which is considered a powerful and effective process (Rogers et al., 1977). Gutchess, Kensinger, and Schacter (2007) performed a study where they used age as a factor when looking at the self-reference effect.
Schemas vary according to cultural background [2] and other environmental factors. [3] Once people have developed a schema about themselves, there is a strong tendency for that schema to be maintained by a bias in what they attend to, in what they remember, and in what they are prepared to accept as true about themselves.
Cognitive maps have been studied in various fields, such as psychology, education, archaeology, planning, geography, cartography, architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, management and history. [6] Because of the broad use and study of cognitive maps, it has become a colloquialism for almost any mental representation or model. [6]
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. The concepts of schema and conceptual models are cognitively adjacent. Elsewhere, it is used to refer to the "mental model" theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M. J. Byrne.