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Symptoms of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) include severe pain, decreased blood flow, decreased movement, numbness, and a pale limb. [5] It is most often due to physical trauma, like a bone fracture (up to 75% of cases) or a crush injury. [3] [6] It can also occur after blood flow returns following a period of poor circulation. [4]
External bleeding is generally described in terms of the origin of the blood flow by vessel type. The basic categories of external bleeding are: Arterial bleeding: As the name suggests, blood flow originating in an artery. With this type of bleeding, the blood is typically bright red to yellowish in colour, due to the high degree of oxygenation.
Typically the fingers, and, less commonly, the toes, are involved. [1] Rarely, the nose, ears, nipples, or lips are affected. [1] The episodes classically result in the affected part turning white and then blue. [2] Often, numbness or pain occurs. [2] As blood flow returns, the area turns red and burns. [2]
Capillary refill time is traditionally used as a clinical indicator of tissue vascularity either after limb injury or after revascularization [15] and the most reliable and applicable site for CRT testing is the finger pulp (not at the fingernail), and the cut-off value for the normal CRT should be 3 seconds, not 2 seconds. [2]
Prevention of the condition requires restoration of blood flow after injury and reduction of compartmental pressure on the muscles. Any splints, bandages, or other devices that might be obstructing circulation must be removed. [citation needed] A fasciotomy may be required to reduce pressure in the muscle compartment. [3]
Any nerve injury of the hand can be disabling and results in loss of hand function. Thus it is vital to seek medical help as soon as possible after any hand injury. [4] Sprains result from forcing a joint to perform against its normal range of motion. Finger sprains occur when the ligaments which are attached to the bone are overstretched and ...
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Illustration of how the buildup of lipids cause a blockage of blood flow to the portion of the artery below the narrowing. Peripheral arterial disease is considered to be a set of chronic or acute syndromes, generally derived from the presence of occlusive arterial disease, which causes inadequate blood flow to the limbs. [51] [52]