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Bioethanol plants are required by the government to sell their produced fuel ethanol only to appointed oil companies, such as PetroChina or Sinopec at a price of 0.91 or about $0.82/liter. The government subsidizes the gap between the sale price and production cost. China's potential marginal arable lands are limited and most are fragmented.
The so-called "third-generation biofuels", similar to second-generation biofuels with an emphasize on the use of algae and cyanobacteria as a source of biofuel feedstocks, have an additional advantage as they take up a relatively small fraction of space when compared to first and second-generation biofuel sources, and may also help to reduce seawater eutrophication.
In 2007, BlueFire Ethanol received US$40 million funding from the U.S. Department of Energy to construct a 19-million-US-gallon (72,000 m 3) per year cellulosic ethanol plant in Fulton, MS. [1] [2] In 2008, the company unveiled plans to create a network of ethanol refineries located at landfills around the world.
The process to be used at the Emmetsburg plant will enable the plant to make 11% more ethanol by weight of corn and 27% more by area of corn. The process cuts the need for fossil fuel power at the plant by 83% by using some of its own byproduct for power. The $200 million plant is scheduled to begin in February and take about 30 months to complete.
Imperium Renewables in Washington has the largest biodiesel production facility in the US, capable of making 100 million US gallons per year (380 × 10 ^ 3 m 3 /a). [7]In 2006, Fuel Bio Opened the largest biodiesel manufacturing plant on the east coast of the United States in Elizabeth, New Jersey.
[46] [47] Because plants consume carbon dioxide as they grow, bioethanol has an overall lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels. [48] Substituting ethanol for oil can also reduce a country's dependence on oil imports. [49]
In 2020, California had a total summer capacity of 78,055 MW through all of its power plants, and a net energy generation of 193,075 GWh. [3] Its electricity production was the third largest in the nation behind Texas and Florida. California ranks first in the nation as a producer of solar, geothermal, and biomass resources. [4]
Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plant/biomass which can be used as feed stock for BtL. Most bamboo species are native to warm and moist tropical and to warm temperate climates. [5] [better source needed] However, many species are found in diverse climates, ranging from hot tropical regions to cool mountainous regions and highland cloud ...