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The call stack works well as a place for these parameters, especially since each call to a subroutine, which will have differing values for parameters, will be given separate space on the call stack for those values. In object-oriented languages such as C++, the list of parameters may also include the this pointer. Evaluation stack
Most modern implementations of a function call use a call stack, a special case of the stack data structure, to implement function calls and returns. Each procedure call creates a new entry, called a stack frame , at the top of the stack; when the procedure returns, its stack frame is deleted from the stack, and its space may be used for other ...
The ARM calling convention mandates using a full-descending stack. In addition, the stack pointer must always be 4-byte aligned, and must always be 8-byte aligned at a function call with a public interface. [3] This calling convention causes a "typical" ARM subroutine to:
This stack frame is pushed, or allocated, as prelude to calling another function, and is popped, or deallocated, when the other function returns to the function that did the call. The upwards funarg problem arises when the calling function refers to the called/exited function's state after that function has returned.
Several algorithms use a stack (separate from the usual function call stack of most programming languages) as the principal data structure with which they organize their information. These include: Graham scan, an algorithm for the convex hull of a two-dimensional system of points. A convex hull of a subset of the input is maintained in a stack ...
Instances of these class templates are C++ classes that define a function call operator, and the instances of these classes can be called as if they were functions. [1] It is possible to perform very sophisticated operations without writing a new function object, simply by combining predefined function objects and function object adaptors.
Programmers can use trampolined functions to implement tail-recursive function calls in stack-oriented programming languages. [1] In Java, trampoline refers to using reflection to avoid using inner classes, for example in event listeners. The time overhead of a reflection call is traded for the space overhead of an inner class.
The STL includes classes that overload the function call operator (operator ()). Instances of such classes are called functors or function objects . Functors allow the behavior of the associated function to be parameterized (e.g. through arguments passed to the functor's constructor ) and can be used to keep associated per-functor state ...