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The interpretation of urinalysis takes into account the results of physical, chemical and microscopic examination and the person's overall condition. Urine test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test, or using information provided by the test strip/device manufacturer. [136]
But a new urine test could be developed to detect the beta-catenin mutated form of liver cancer after researchers at the Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute in Glasgow found a metabolite in mice.
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system , and specimens are easy to obtain. [ 1 ]
The test commonly checks for infection, inflammatory disease of the urinary tract, cancer, or precancerous conditions. It can be part of a broader urinalysis . If a cancerous condition is detected, other tests and procedures are usually recommended to diagnose cancers, including bladder cancer , ureteral cancer and cancer of the urethra .
Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
Doctor may prescribe some tests to help get the full picture of the situation, such as blood tests, liver function tests, ultrasound for kidneys and bladder, urinalysis, [4] urine culture for infection, and cystoscopy. [1] Doctor may also ask for the medical history to collect information before making a diagnosis. [5]
Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit Upper limit Unit Urinary specific gravity: 1.003 [1] [2] 1.030 [1] [2] g/mL Urobilinogen:
The types of tests include enzyme levels (such as many of the liver function tests), ion levels (e.g. sodium and potassium, and other tell-tale chemicals (such as glucose, serum albumin, or creatinine). Simple ions are often measured with ion selective electrodes, which let one type of ion through, and measure voltage differences. [5]