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White water lilies are a typical marsh plant in European areas of deeper water. Many kinds of birds nest in marshes; this one is a yellow-headed blackbird.. Marshes provide a habitat for many species of plants, animals, and insects that have adapted to living in flooded conditions or other environments. [1]
Freshwater marshes are highly productive and therefore can support a large biodiversity of vegetation. Vegetation is a key component in determining the structure of a freshwater marsh. [7] In a freshwater marsh, there are emergent plants, floating plants, floating leaved and submerged. [8] The primary plant in freshwater marshes are emergent ...
A natural function of wetland vegetation is the up-take, storage, and (for nitrate) the removal of nutrients found in runoff water from the surrounding landscapes. [67] Precipitation and surface runoff induces soil erosion, transporting sediment in suspension into and through waterways. All types of sediments whether composed of clay, silt ...
Sedges are a large family of grass-like plants with many species that form a characteristic part of wetland vegetation. Bolboschoenus, club rushes. Carex, the true sedges, contains over 2,000 species, primarily found in wetland environments. Eleocharis, the spikerushes. Scirpus, bulrushes.
A general definition provided by the textbook Wetlands describes a fen as "a peat-accumulating wetland that receives some drainage from surrounding mineral soil and usually supports marsh like vegetation." [8] Three examples are presented below to illustrate more specific definitions for the term fen.
Emergent vegetation commonly includes cattails, bulrushes, reeds, pickerel weed, arrowheads and ferns. Scrub-shrub wetland is dominated by woody vegetation less than 20 feet tall, such as buttonbush, alders, and many kinds of saplings. Forested palustrine wetland is dominated by woody vegetation over 20 feet tall.
The salinity levels in brackish marshes can range from 0.5 ppt to 35 ppt. [2] Marshes are also characterised by low-growing vegetation and bare mud or sand flats. [3] Due to the variations in salinity, brackish marshes create a distinctive ecosystem where plants from either freshwater or saltwater marshes can co-inhabit. [4]
The carr is one stage in a hydrosere: the progression of vegetation beginning from a terrain submerged by fresh water along a river or lake margin. In sub-maritime regions, it begins with reed-marsh. As the reeds decay, the soil surface eventually rises above the water, creating fens that allow vegetation such as sedge to grow.