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Maslow based his theory partially on his own assumptions or convictions about human potential and partially on his case studies of historical figures whom he believed to be self-actualized, including Albert Einstein and Henry David Thoreau. He considered self-actualizing people to possess "an unusual ability to detect the spurious, the fake ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 January 2025. American psychologist (1908–1970) Abraham Maslow Born April 1, 1908 (1908-04) Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. Died June 8, 1970 (1970-06-08) (aged 62) Menlo Park, California, U.S. Education City College of New York Cornell University University of Wisconsin Known for Maslow's hierarchy of ...
The pyramid begins at the bottom with physiological needs (the most prepotent of all) and culminates at the top with self-actualization needs. In his later writings, Maslow added a sixth level of ‘meta-needs’ and metamotivation. [4] [5] The hierarchy of needs developed by Maslow is one of his most enduring contributions to psychology. [6]
Maslow's theory is one of the most widely discussed theories of motivation. Abraham Maslow believed that man is inherently good and argued that individuals possess a constantly growing inner drive that has great potential. The needs hierarchy system is a commonly used scheme for classifying human motives. [6]
In Motivation and Personality, [1] Maslow argues that, in order for individuals to thrive and excel, a health-fostering culture must be created. [5] Maslow is among the psychological theorists who believe that when parents fail to provide a safe, nurturing environment, their children will develop deep feelings of insecurity. [ 6 ]
Maslow states, "Self-actualizing people are gratified in all their basic needs (of belongingness, affection, respect, and self-esteem)". [2] Once a person has successfully navigated the hierarchy of needs thus satisfying all their basic needs, Maslow proposed they then travel "a path called growth motivation".
Maslow had the following criticisms of the two main theories at the time: Freud's theory was deterministic, meaning that it attributed the behavior of people to unconscious desires. [6] Freud and Skinner's theories focused on individuals with mental conflicts (pathological) rather than all individuals.
Maslow on Management (originally Eupsychian Management: A Journal) is a work on industrial psychology by Abraham Maslow, first published in 1965. Maslow's work is frequently invoked in attempts to explain and predict work behavior. [ 1 ]