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  2. Chromatin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin

    Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. [1] The primary function is to package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures. This prevents the strands from becoming tangled and also plays important roles in reinforcing the DNA during cell division , preventing DNA damage , and regulating gene expression ...

  3. Prokaryote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryote

    The complex contains a single circular chromosome, a cyclic, double-stranded molecule of stable chromosomal DNA, in contrast to the multiple linear, compact, highly organized chromosomes found in eukaryotic cells. [55] In addition, many important genes of prokaryotes are stored in separate circular DNA structures called plasmids. [56]

  4. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    The DNA of a prokaryotic cell consists of a single circular chromosome that is in direct contact with the cytoplasm. The nuclear region in the cytoplasm is called the nucleoid. Most prokaryotes are the smallest of all organisms, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 μm in diameter. [1] [page needed] A prokaryotic cell has three regions:

  5. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the accepted version, checked on 12 January 2025. There are template/file changes awaiting review. DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell This article is about the DNA molecule. For the genetic algorithm, see Chromosome (genetic algorithm). Chromosome (10 7 - 10 10 bp) DNA Gene (10 3 - 10 6 bp) Function A chromosome and its packaged ...

  6. DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

    Within chromosomes, DNA is held in complexes with structural proteins. These proteins organize the DNA into a compact structure called chromatin. In eukaryotes, this structure involves DNA binding to a complex of small basic proteins called histones, while in prokaryotes multiple types of proteins are involved.

  7. Nucleoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoid

    The nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly shaped region within the prokaryotic cell that contains all or most of the genetic material. [1] [2] [3] The chromosome of a typical prokaryote is circular, and its length is very large compared to the cell dimensions, so it needs to be compacted in order to fit.

  8. Cell division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division

    Due to their structural differences, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells do not divide in the same way. Also, the pattern of cell division that transforms eukaryotic stem cells into gametes (sperm cells in males or egg cells in females), termed meiosis, is different from that of the division of somatic cells in the body. Cell division over 42.

  9. Chromosome regions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_regions

    The largest regions on each chromosome are the short arm p and the long arm q, separated by a narrow region near the center called the centromere. [1] Other specific regions have also been defined, some of which are similarly found on every chromosome, while others are only present in certain chromosomes. Named regions include: Arms (p and q ...