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The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment performed during August 1971.It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors.
In philosophy and in its current sense, rationalism is a line of thought that appeals to reason or the intellect as a primary or fundamental source of knowledge or justification". [1] It is typically contrasted with empiricism , which appeals to sensory experience as a primary or fundamental source of knowledge or justification. [ 2 ]
Stanford Prison Experiment, 1971 Credit - Department of Special Collections & University Archives, Stanford University Libraries. I n August 1971, at the tail end of summer break, the Stanford ...
Rationalism has a philosophical history dating from antiquity.The analytical nature of much of philosophical enquiry, the awareness of apparently a priori domains of knowledge such as mathematics, combined with the emphasis of obtaining knowledge through the use of rational faculties (commonly rejecting, for example, direct revelation) have made rationalist themes very prevalent in the history ...
These concessions preserve the spirit of empiricism insofar as the restriction to experience still applies to knowledge about the external world. [30] In some fields, like metaphysics or ethics, the choice between empiricism and rationalism makes a difference not just for how a given claim is justified but for whether it is justified at all ...
The experiment didn't just focus on what it was like to be a prison. In 1971, at the prestigious Stanford University, a group of young men were paid to participate in a study designed to observe ...
Socrates (c. 470 – 399 BC). The first historical figure who is usually called an "intellectualist" was the Greek philosopher Socrates (c. 470 – 399 BC), who taught that intellectualism allows that "one will do what is right or [what is] best, just as soon as one truly understands what is right or best"; that virtue is a matter of the intellect, because virtue and knowledge are related ...
Empiricists argue that empiricism is a more reliable method of finding the truth than purely using logical reasoning, because humans have cognitive biases and limitations which lead to errors of judgement. [2] Empiricism emphasizes the central role of empirical evidence in the formation of ideas, rather than innate ideas or traditions. [3]