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Penang fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on 19 December 1941, marking the start of a period of Japanese occupation. [85] [89] Penang Island was renamed Tojo-to, after the Japanese Prime Minister at the time, Hideki Tojo. [88] George Town's harbour facilities were also put to use as a major Axis submarine base in Southeast Asia. [90] [91] [92] [93]
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Penang, like other Peninsular states, has Islam as its official religion. [2] Even so, Penang is one of two states in Malaysia where Islam is not in the majority, the other being Sarawak. As of 2020, Muslims constituted over 45% of Penang's population, followed by Buddhists at nearly 38%, Hindus at more than 8% and Christians at 4%. [1]
The Supreme Court of Penang was first opened at Fort Cornwallis in the following year, with Edmond Stanley assuming office as its first Recorder (Judge). [26] [27] In the following decades, Penang's judiciary and police force were progressively extended to the whole of the Straits Settlements, and later copied throughout British Malaya.
Between 1944 and 1945, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the Royal Air Force (RAF) conducted bombing and mining missions against Japanese-occupied Penang.Carried out by long-range bombers based in India, the raids aimed to disrupt maritime shipping in the northern Strait of Malacca and the use of Penang's harbour as an Axis submarine base.
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In Penang, on 8 December 1942 the Penang Malay, Chinese, and English newspapers were combined in the Penang Shimbun. [21] Abdullah Ariff, a pioneer Malay watercolourist, drew cartoons for the newspaper. Ariff became an active member of the pro-independence UMNO after the war and eventually a Penang City Councillor from 1955 to 1957. [22]
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