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Prostate cancer is a major topic of ongoing research. From 2016–2020, over $1.26 billion was invested in prostate cancer research, representing around 5% of global cancer research funds. [121] This places prostate cancer 10th among 18 common cancer types in funding per cancer death, and 9th in funding per disability-adjusted life year lost. [122]
Prostate cancer staging. Prostate cancer staging is the process by which physicians categorize the risk of cancer having spread beyond the prostate, or equivalently, the probability of being cured with local therapies such as surgery or radiation. Once patients are placed in prognostic categories, this information can contribute to the ...
Management of prostate cancer. Treatment for prostate cancer may involve active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy – including brachytherapy (prostate brachytherapy) and external-beam radiation therapy, proton therapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), cryosurgery, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, or some combination.
A PSMA scan is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. It is carried out by injection of a radiopharmaceutical with a positron or gamma emitting radionuclide and a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting ligand. After injection, imaging of positron emitters such as gallium-68 (68 Ga ...
Prostate cancer screening is the screening process used to detect undiagnosed prostate cancer in men without signs or symptoms. [1][2] When abnormal prostate tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat and cure, but it is unclear if early detection reduces mortality rates. [2] Screening precedes a diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Gleason score is calculated from grade as described in the text. The Gleason grading system is used to help evaluate the prognosis of men with prostate cancer using samples from a prostate biopsy. Together with other parameters, it is incorporated into a strategy of prostate cancer staging which predicts prognosis and helps guide therapy.
The prostate is a gland of the male reproductive system. In adults, it is about the size of a walnut, [3] and has an average weight of about 11 grams, usually ranging between 7 and 16 grams. [4] The prostate is located in the pelvis. It sits below the urinary bladder and surrounds the urethra.
STAMPEDE (clinical trial) Systemic Therapy in Advancing or Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy (STAMPEDE) is a clinical trial investigating treatments for high risk or terminal prostate cancer. Recruitment started in 2005 and ended in 2022; as of January 2020, over 10,000 participants had joined the trial.
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