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  2. History of atomic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_atomic_theory

    History of atomic theory. The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.

  3. Bohr–Sommerfeld model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr–Sommerfeld_model

    The Bohr–Sommerfeld model (also known as the Sommerfeld model or Bohr–Sommerfeld theory) was an extension of the Bohr model to allow elliptical orbits of electrons around an atomic nucleus. Bohr–Sommerfeld theory is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr and German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld. Sommerfeld argued that if electronic orbits ...

  4. Bohr model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model

    In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model was the first successful model of the atom. Developed from 1911 to 1918 by Niels Bohr and building on Ernest Rutherford 's nuclear model, it supplanted the plum pudding model of J J Thomson only to be replaced by the quantum atomic model in the 1920s.

  5. Rutherford model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model

    The Rutherford model was devised by Ernest Rutherford to describe an atom. Rutherford directed the Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909, which suggested, upon Rutherford's 1911 analysis, that J. J. Thomson 's plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect. Rutherford's new model [1] for the atom, based on the experimental results, contained new ...

  6. Niels Bohr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr

    Niels Henrik David Bohr (Danish: [ˈne̝ls ˈpoɐ̯ˀ]; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research.

  7. Plum pudding model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_pudding_model

    Heavier and slower than beta particles, these would be the key tool used by Rutherford to find evidence against Thomson's model. In addition to the emerging atomic theory, the electron, and radiation, the last element of history was the many studies of atomic spectra published near the end of the 19th century. Part of the attraction of the ...

  8. Rutherford scattering experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_scattering...

    The prevailing model of atomic structure before Rutherford's experiments was devised by J. J. Thomson. [1]: 123 Thomson had discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays [2] and between 1897 and 1904 he developed a model for atoms containing electrons arranged in concentric shells.

  9. History of quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_quantum_mechanics

    The model's key success lay in explaining the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen by using the transitions of electrons between orbits. [ 24 ] : 276 While the Rydberg formula had been known experimentally, it did not gain a theoretical underpinning until the Bohr model was introduced.

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