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Acting via the Achilles tendon, the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles cause plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle. This action brings the sole of the foot closer to the back of the leg. The gastrocnemius also flexes the leg at the knee. Both muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve. [14]
Myositis is a rarely-encountered medical condition characterized by inflammation affecting the muscles. [2] The manifestations of this condition may include skin issues, muscle weakness, and the potential involvement of other organs. [3]
Muscle strain, pulled muscle, torn muscle: Two images of the same strain to the hamstring and associated bruising. One of the pictures was shot through a mirror. Specialty: Emergency medicine: Symptoms: Bruise, swelling, redness and soreness: Causes: Excessive stress and/or repeated injury on a muscle
Since these forms do not show features of muscle inflammation, they are classified as myopathies rather than forms of myositis. Because they do not display inflammation as a primary symptom, they may in fact be similar, but different diseases to sporadic inclusion body myositis. There are several different types, each inherited in different ways.
Enthesitis is inflammation of the entheses (singular: enthesis), the sites where tendons, ligaments and joint capsules attach to bones. [1] [2] It is a type of enthesopathy, meaning any pathologic condition of the entheses, with or without inflammation. There are some cases of isolated, primary enthesitis which are very poorly studied and ...
Polymyositis and the associated inflammatory myopathies have an associated increased risk of cancer. [3] The features they found associated with an increased risk of cancer were older age, age greater than 45, male sex, difficulty swallowing, death of skin cells, cutaneous vasculitis, rapid onset of myositis (<4 weeks), elevated creatine kinase, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate and higher ...
This lack of blood supply can lead to the degradation of collagen fibers and inflammation. [11] Tightness in the calf muscles has also been known to be involved in the onset of Achilles tendinitis. [12] During the loading phase of the running and walking cycle, the ankle and foot naturally pronate and supinate by approximately 5 degrees. [13]
The flexor retinaculum of the foot extends from the medial malleolus above, to the calcaneus below. [1] This converts a series of bony grooves into canals for the passage of the tendons of the flexor muscles and the posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve into the sole of the foot, known as the tarsal tunnel.