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"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" (sometimes shortened to ECREE), [1] also known as the Sagan standard, is an aphorism popularized by science communicator Carl Sagan. He used the phrase in his 1979 book Broca's Brain and the 1980 television program Cosmos .
There are several examples of militaries aiding in land management, conservation, and greening of an area. [294] Additionally, certain military technologies have proven extremely helpful for conservationists and environmental scientists. [295] As well as the cost to human life and society, there is a significant environmental impact of war.
This distinction is closely related to the problem of individuation since it also depends on the notion of doing one thing by or in virtue of doing another thing, like turning on a light by flipping a switch. [26] [27] [28] In this example, the flipping of the switch is more basic than the turning-on of the light. But the turning-on of the ...
In science and history, consilience (also convergence of evidence or concordance of evidence) is the principle that evidence from independent, unrelated sources can "converge" on strong conclusions. That is, when multiple sources of evidence are in agreement, the conclusion can be very strong even when none of the individual sources of evidence ...
For example, an oak tree is made of plant cells (matter); grows from an acorn (effect); exhibits the nature of oak trees (form); and grows into a fully mature oak tree (end). According to Aristotle, human nature is an example of a formal cause. Likewise, our 'end' is to become a fully actualized human being (including fully actualizing the mind).
Effective altruism encourages individuals to consider all causes and actions and to act in the way that brings about the greatest positive impact, based upon their values. [84] It is the broad, evidence-based, and cause-neutral approach that distinguishes effective altruism from traditional altruism or charity . [ 85 ]
Other examples of anthropomorphism include the attribution of human traits to animals, especially domesticated pets such as dogs and cats. Examples of this include thinking a dog is smiling simply because it is showing his teeth, [50] or a cat mourns for a dead owner. [51] Anthropomorphism may be beneficial to the welfare of animals.
Understood in its broadest sense, evidence for a proposition is what supports this proposition. Traditionally, the term is sometimes understood in a narrower sense: as the intuitive knowledge of facts that are considered indubitable. [2] [3] [4] In this sense, only the singular form is used. This meaning is found especially in phenomenology, in ...