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A 'gradual' deceleration has a time from onset to nadir of 30 seconds or more. Early decelerations begin and end at approximately the same time as contractions, and the low point of the fetal heart rate occurs at the peak of the contraction. [7] Late decelerations: a result of placental insufficiency, which can result in fetal distress ...
Presence of late decelerations with fewer than 50% of contractions or significant variable decelerations. Requires repeat testing on following day. [1] Equivocal—Tachysystole: Presence of contractions that occur more frequently than every 2 minutes or last longer than 90 seconds in the presence of late decelerations.
Amnioinfusion is a method in which isotonic fluid is instilled into the uterine cavity.. It was introduced in the 1960s as a means of terminating pregnancy and inducing labor in intrauterine death, but is currently used as a treatment in order to correct fetal heart rate changes caused by umbilical cord compression, indicated by variable decelerations seen on fetal heart rate monitoring.
How variable rate caps work. In many cases, lenders set caps on variable-rate products. This was designed to protect consumer borrowers from the kind of runaway interest the country saw during the ...
On fetal heart tracing (a linear recording of the fetal heart rate) this would usually look like moderate to severe variable decelerations. [6] In overt cord prolapse, the cord can be seen or felt on the vulva or vagina. [1] The main issue with cord prolapse is that, once the cord is prolapsed, it is prone to compression by the foetus and the womb.
Nuchal cord, when the umbilical cord is (tightly) around the neck of the fetus [2]; Entanglement of the cord [2]; Knot in the cord [2]; Cord prolapse, where the umbilical cord exits the birth canal before the baby, which can cause cord compression.
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
Early obstetric ultrasound, comparing the size of an embryo or fetus to that of a reference group of pregnancies of known gestational age (such as calculated from last menstrual periods) and using the mean gestational age of other embryos or fetuses of the same size. If the gestational age as calculated from an early ultrasound is contradictory ...