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  2. Field effect (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_effect_(chemistry)

    Field effects are typically associated with the alignment of a dipole field with respect to a reaction center. [5] Since these are through space effects, the 3D structure of a molecule is an important consideration. A field may be interrupted by other bonds or atoms before propagating to a reactive site of interest. [6]

  3. List of effects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_effects

    Einstein–de Haas effect (science) Electro-optic effect (nonlinear optics) Electrocaloric effect (cooling technology) (heat pumps) Electron-cloud effect (particle accelerators) (physics) Electroviscous effects (colloid chemistry) (surface chemistry) ELIZA effect (artificial intelligence) (human–computer interaction) (propositional fallacies)

  4. Ground effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_effect

    Ground effect may refer to: Ground effect (aerodynamics), the increased lift and decreased aerodynamic drag of a wing close to a fixed surface; Ground effect (cars), an effect that creates downforce, primarily in racing cars; Ground-effect vehicle, a vehicle which attains level flight near the surface of the Earth due to ground effect

  5. Ground state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_state

    The ground state of a quantum-mechanical system is its stationary state of lowest energy; the energy of the ground state is known as the zero-point energy of the system. An excited state is any state with energy greater than the ground state. In quantum field theory, the ground state is usually called the vacuum state or the vacuum.

  6. Field effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_effect

    Field effect may refer to: relative influence of electricity to the substrate within a given field. Field effect (chemistry), an effect that a pole (either an unipole or dipole) has on a remote reaction centre (reaction rates, equilibrium). This effect operates through space not through bonds which distinguishes it from the inductive effect.

  7. Metastability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastability

    A common example of metastability in science is isomerisation. Higher energy isomers are long lived because they are prevented from rearranging to their preferred ground state by (possibly large) barriers in the potential energy. During a metastable state of finite lifetime, all state-describing parameters reach and hold stationary values.

  8. Spin-forbidden reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-forbidden_reactions

    The corresponding monocarbonyls have triplet ground states. Singlet and Triplet Cobalt Complexes. The ground state of Tp i-Pr,Me Co(CO) has two unpaired electrons. [2] The addition of CO to Fe(CO) 4 is an example showing the slowing effect of spin-forbidden reaction takes place when Fe(CO) x is placed under CO pressure. [3] Fe(CO) 4 + CO → Fe ...

  9. Quantum vacuum state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_vacuum_state

    The video of an experiment showing vacuum fluctuations (in the red ring) amplified by spontaneous parametric down-conversion.. If the quantum field theory can be accurately described through perturbation theory, then the properties of the vacuum are analogous to the properties of the ground state of a quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator, or more accurately, the ground state of a measurement ...

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