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Providing hyperlinks to already answered, semantically related questions helps users to get answers earlier but is a challenging problem because semantic relatedness is not trivial. [18] The lab was motivated by the fact that 20% of mathematical queries in general-purpose search engines are expressed as well-formed questions. [ 19 ]
The windy postman problem is a variant of the route inspection problem in which the input is an undirected graph, but where each edge may have a different cost for traversing it in one direction than for traversing it in the other direction. In contrast to the solutions for directed and undirected graphs, it is NP-complete. [11] [12]
The reward model produced reward signals for both questions with objective but free-form answers, and questions without objective answers (such as creative writing). A SFT checkpoint of V3 was trained by GRPO using both reward models and rule-based reward. The rule-based reward was computed for math problems with a final answer (put in a box ...
A 2013 study has found that 75% of users only ask one question, 65% only answer one question, and only 8% of users answer more than 5 questions. [34] To empower a wider group of users to ask questions and then answer, Stack Overflow created a mentorship program resulting in users having a 50% increase in score on average. [35]
In computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time, there is a polynomial-time reduction from L to H. That is, assuming a solution for H takes 1 unit time, H ' s solution can be used to solve L in polynomial time.
The problem to determine all positive integers such that the concatenation of and in base uses at most distinct characters for and fixed [citation needed] and many other problems in the coding theory are also the unsolved problems in mathematics.
Data-flow analysis is a technique for gathering information about the possible set of values calculated at various points in a computer program.A program's control-flow graph (CFG) is used to determine those parts of a program to which a particular value assigned to a variable might propagate.
Both statistical estimation and machine learning consider the problem of minimizing an objective function that has the form of a sum: = = (), where the parameter that minimizes () is to be estimated. Each summand function Q i {\displaystyle Q_{i}} is typically associated with the i {\displaystyle i} -th observation in the data set (used for ...