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Brushfield spots tend to be obscured by pigmentation of the anterior border layer of the iris in patients with darker irides. Hence, they are much more likely to be observed in children with lightly pigmented eyes. Brushfield spots are more commonly found in Down syndrome patients of European descent than similarly affected children of Asian ...
Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, [12] also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. [3] It is usually associated with developmental delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability , and characteristic physical features.
All newborns should have screening eye examinations, including an evaluation of the red reflexes. The red reflex test is best performed in a darkened room and involves shining a bright direct ophthalmoscope into both eyes simultaneously from a distance of 1– 2 ft.
Evidence has shown that newborns' eyes do not work in the same fashion as older children or adults – mainly due to poor coordination of the eyes. Newborn's eyes move in the same direction only about half of the time. [17] The strength of eye muscle control is positively correlated to achieve depth perception. Human eyes are formed in such a ...
Examples of chromosome abnormalities associated with cataracts include 1q21.1 deletion syndrome, cri-du-chat syndrome, Down syndrome, Patau's syndrome, trisomy 18 (Edward's syndrome), and Turner's syndrome, and in the case of neurofibromatosis type 2, juvenile cataract on one or both sides may be noted.
As per the CDC recommendations, newborns should undergo an eye examination while they are still in the hospital nursery. It is equally important for caregivers to continue monitoring their eyes and vision system throughout their childhood and adolescence. [21] Screening test: Snellen Chart. The following methods are used to test infant's vision:
Visual disturbances can occur due to the eye muscle imbalance after orbital mobilization. Ptosis and diplopia can also occur postoperatively, but this usually self-corrects. A quite difficult problem to correct postoperatively is canthal drift, which can be managed best by carefully preserving the canthal tendon attachments as much as possible.
Cat eye syndrome; Caudal regression syndrome; Sotos syndrome Cerebral Gigantism; CHARGE syndrome; Chromosome 16 abnormalities; Chromosome 18 abnormalities; Chromosome 20 abnormalities; Chromosome 22 abnormalities; Cleft lip/palate; Cleidocranial dysostosis; Club foot; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome