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In the context of SQL, data definition or data description language (DDL) is a syntax for creating and modifying database objects such as tables, indices, and users. DDL statements are similar to a computer programming language for defining data structures, especially database schemas. Common examples of DDL statements include CREATE, ALTER ...
CREATE creates an object (a table, for example) in the database, e.g.: CREATE TABLE example ( column1 INTEGER , column2 VARCHAR ( 50 ), column3 DATE NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY ( column1 , column2 ) ); ALTER modifies the structure of an existing object in various ways, for example, adding a column to an existing table or a constraint, e.g.:
DCL commands are used for access control and permission management for users in the database. With them we can easily allow or deny some actions for users on the tables or records (row level security). DCL commands are: GRANT We can give certain permissions for the table (and other objects) for specified groups/users of a database. DENY
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
The database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported typically by a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term "schema" refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases).
It appears in sample SQL for other operations in the documentation. SQLite: A VIEW named "dual" that works the same as the Oracle "dual" table can be created as follows: CREATE VIEW dual AS SELECT 'x' AS dummy; SAP HANA has a table called DUMMY that works the same as the Oracle "dual" table. Teradata database does not require a dummy table ...
One can create PL/SQL units such as procedures, functions, packages, types, and triggers, which are stored in the database for reuse by applications that use any of the Oracle Database programmatic interfaces. The first public version of the PL/SQL definition [2] was in 1995. It implements the ISO SQL/PSM standard. [3]
A database trigger is procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a particular table or view in a database. The trigger is mostly used for maintaining the integrity of the information on the database.