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Quantum noise is noise arising from the indeterminate state of matter in ... Vacuum fluctuation is a possible causes for a quanta of energy to spontaneously appear in ...
The two terms "reduction of the state vector" (or "state reduction" for short) and "wave function collapse" are used to describe the same concept. A quantum state is a mathematical description of a quantum system; a quantum state vector uses Hilbert space vectors for the description.
In all collapse models, the noise effect must prevent quantum mechanical linearity and unitarity and thus cannot be described within quantum-mechanics. [21]: 423 Because the noise responsible for the collapse induces Brownian motion on each constituent of a physical system, energy is not conserved. The kinetic energy increases at a constant rate.
Johnson–Nyquist noise (thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise) is the electronic noise generated by the thermal agitation of the charge carriers (usually the electrons) inside an electrical conductor at equilibrium, which happens regardless of any applied voltage.
Different types of noise are generated by different devices and different processes. Thermal noise is unavoidable at non-zero temperature (see fluctuation-dissipation theorem), while other types depend mostly on device type (such as shot noise, [1] [3] which needs a steep potential barrier) or manufacturing quality and semiconductor defects, such as conductance fluctuations, including 1/f noise.
One can then understand from Eq. and in which sense the model is gravity-related: the coupling constant between the system and the noise is proportional to the gravitational constant , and the spatial correlation of the noise field (,) has the typical form of a Newtonian potential. Similarly to other collapse models, the Diósi–Penrose model ...
Among the keywords you can find in Connecticut law include "silly string," "balloons" and "arcade games." All these topics are involved in some of the state's strangest laws.
That these codes allow indeed for quantum computations of arbitrary length is the content of the quantum threshold theorem, found by Michael Ben-Or and Dorit Aharonov, which asserts that you can correct for all errors if you concatenate quantum codes such as the CSS codes—i.e. re-encode each logical qubit by the same code again, and so on, on ...