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In 1900 Cuba had a literacy rate of 36.1% [6] [7] - which was quite high for Latin America at the time. [8] By the early 1900s Cuba had a strong education system, but only half of the country's children participated. Schools remained inaccessible to the poorest Cubans and this resulted in a low literacy-rate for rural areas compared to the cities.
In addition to the renewal of Cuba's infrastructure, there were strong ideological reasons for education reform. In pre-Revolutionary Cuba, there was a dichotomy between urban citizens and rural citizens (who were often agricultural workers). The Cuban Revolution was driven by the need for equality, particularly among these classes.
Anarchists ran schools for children to run counter to the Catholic schools and public schools, believing that religious schools were anathema to their ideas of freedom, and that public schools were too often used to instill ideas of "patriotic nationalism" and discourage free thought in children. [26]
The 1959 Cuban Revolution was a key event that galvanized and inspired the growing New Left in the 1960s. Cuba became viewed as a radical and anti-imperialist third world country worthy of praise by many of the radical activists of the 1960s. [3] In 1969, SDS was composed of competing factions with individual priorities and visions. [4]
The United States decided not to interfere militarily. In the late 1920s and early 1930s a number of Cuban action groups staged a series of uprisings that either failed or did not affect the capital. The Sergeants' Revolt undermined the institutions and coercive structures of the oligarchic state. The young and relatively inexperienced ...
The ABC maintained close contact with Cuba's radical student group, the Directorio Estudiantil Universitario. Student leader Eduardo Chibás wrote that students sometimes carried out the bombing missions, with the ABC providing funding and equipment, and also taking credit.
The most meaningful impact on Cuba that World War 1 had was on its sugar trade as much of the world's European supply was cut off with demand exploding along with profits from the industry. [57] Cuba later ended up signing the Treaty of Versailles. Cuba was a member of the League of Nations and later on its successor, the United Nations (UN).
Russia's last military base in Cuba, at Lourdes, closes. [citation needed] 6 May: U.S. Under Secretary of State John R. Bolton accuses Cuba of trying to develop biological weapons, adding the country to Washington's list of "axis of evil" countries. 12 May: Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter visits Cuba.