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Cognitive warfare (CW) consists of any military activities designed to affect attitudes and behaviours, by influencing, protecting, or disrupting individual, group, or population level cognition. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is an extension of information warfare using propaganda and disinformation .
It is defined as the comprehensive use, with intelligence support, of military deception, operational secrecy, psychological warfare, electronic warfare, and substantive destruction to assault the enemy's whole information system including personnel; and to disrupt the enemy's information flow, in order to impact, weaken, and destroy the enemy ...
Information warfare is the manipulation of information trusted by a target without the target's awareness so that the target will make decisions against their interest but in the interest of the one conducting information warfare. [1] [2] As a result, it is not clear when information warfare begins, ends, and how strong or destructive it is. [3]
Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen said Tuesday that China is conducting “cognitive warfare” by spreading misinformation in addition to its regular military incursions into nearby waters and ...
"Three warfares" (Chinese: 三战 [1] or 三种战法, pinyin: Sān zhǒng zhàn fǎ; [2] also translated as 'three tactics') is an official political and information non-kinetic warfare strategy of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) employing media or public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, and legal warfare (also termed lawfare).
The term psychological warfare is believed to have migrated from Germany to the United States in 1941. [68] During World War II, the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff defined psychological warfare broadly, stating "Psychological warfare employs any weapon to influence the mind of the enemy. The weapons are psychological only in the effect ...
One early pioneer of cognitive psychology, whose work predated much of behaviorist literature, was Carl Jung. Jung introduced the hypothesis of cognitive functions in his 1921 book Psychological Types. [6] Another pioneer of cognitive psychology, who worked outside the boundaries (both intellectual and geographical) of behaviorism, was Jean ...
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