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Geometric representation (Argand diagram) of and its conjugate ¯ in the complex plane.The complex conjugate is found by reflecting across the real axis.. In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
The conjugate transpose of a matrix with real entries reduces to the transpose of , as the conjugate of a real number is the number itself. The conjugate transpose can be motivated by noting that complex numbers can be usefully represented by real matrices, obeying matrix addition and multiplication: [3]
The letter stands for a vector in , is a complex number, and ¯ denotes the complex conjugate of . [1] More concretely, the complex conjugate vector space is the same underlying real vector space (same set of points, same vector addition and real scalar multiplication) with the conjugate linear complex structure J {\displaystyle J} (different ...
A complex number is real if and only if it equals its own conjugate. The unary operation of taking the complex conjugate of a complex number cannot be expressed by applying only their basic operations addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Argument φ and modulus r locate a point in the complex plane.
They are arranged so that images under the reflection about the main diagonal of the square are conjugate partitions. Partitions of n with largest part k. In number theory and combinatorics, a partition of a non-negative integer n, also called an integer partition, is a way of writing n as a sum of positive integers.
A theorem of Kronecker states that if α is a nonzero algebraic integer such that α and all of its conjugates in the complex numbers have absolute value at most 1, then α is a root of unity. There are quantitative forms of this, stating more precisely bounds (depending on degree) on the largest absolute value of a conjugate that imply that an ...
Π (g) is the conjugate of Π(g) for all g in G. Π is also a representation, as one may check explicitly. If g is a real Lie algebra and π is a representation of it over the vector space V, then the conjugate representation π is defined over the conjugate vector space V as follows: π (X) is the conjugate of π(X) for all X in g. [1]
Two elements , are conjugate if there exists an element such that =, in which case is called a conjugate of and is called a conjugate of . In the case of the general linear group GL ( n ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {GL} (n)} of invertible matrices , the conjugacy relation is called matrix similarity .