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A pest-exclusion fence is a barrier that is built to exclude certain types of animal pests from an enclosure. This may be to protect plants in horticulture , preserve grassland for grazing animals, separate species carrying diseases ( vector species ) from livestock, prevent troublesome species entering roadways, or to protect endemic species ...
Black rats are considered omnivores and eat a wide range of foods, including seeds, fruit, stems, leaves, fungi, and a variety of invertebrates and vertebrates. They are generalists, and thus not very specific in their food preferences, which is indicated by their tendency to feed on any meal provided for cows, swine, chickens, cats and dogs. [23]
Barn owls are also sometimes used as biological rodent control. [49] Although there are no quantitative studies of the effectiveness of barn owls for this purpose, [50] they are known rodent predators that can be used in addition to or instead of cats; [51] [52] they can be encouraged into an area with nest boxes. [53] [54]
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Human influence on cat evolution can be seen morphologically after the domestication of the cat and the increase of global trade routes, as cats were recruited for rodent control. [ 60 ] [ 61 ] Unlike other wild predators, cats are given different forms of aid from humans such as food, shelter, and medical treatment.
Bronze cat, Ancient Egypt. (664–525 BC) Pest control is at least as old as agriculture, as there has always been a need to keep crops free from pests. As long ago as 3000 BC in Egypt, cats were used to control pests of grain stores such as rodents. [5] [6] Ferrets were domesticated by 1500 BC in Europe for use as mousers.
In any case, there are some forms of distraction display which may in fact have evolved from stress responses, an idea more in alignment with Lack's hypothesis. One of these is the "rodent-run" display, in which a bird fluffs its feathers to mimic the fur of a rodent and scurries away from the nest.
Comparison of a ha-ha (top) and a regular wall (bottom). Both walls prevent access, but one does not block the view looking outward. A ha-ha (French: hâ-hâ [a a] ⓘ or saut de loup [so dÉ™ lu] ⓘ), also known as a sunk fence, blind fence, ditch and fence, deer wall, or foss, is a recessed landscape design element that creates a vertical barrier (particularly on one side) while preserving ...