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The Sámi (/ ˈ s ɑː m i / SAH-mee; also spelled Sami or Saami) are the traditionally Sámi-speaking indigenous people inhabiting the region of Sápmi, which today encompasses large northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and of the Kola Peninsula in Russia.
Reindeer and other animals play a central part in Sami culture, though today reindeer husbandry is of dwindling economic relevance for the Sámi people. There is currently (2004) no clear indication when reindeer-raising started, perhaps about 500 AD, but tax tributes were raised in the 16th century.
A culture which is believed to have overwintered the Ice Age in the refugium of Southern Europe reached Scandinavia from the South 13000 years ago. Traces of them appear in the Nordic population as mtDNA Haplogroup V (passed on via one's maternal grandmother's mother etc.), which is particularly common among the Sámi. [ 3 ]
The region stretches over four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia.To the north, it is bounded by the Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, and White Sea. [2] [3] Lapland (/ ˈ l æ p l æ n d /) has been a historical term for areas inhabited by the Sami based on the older term "Lapp" for its inhabitants, a term which is now considered outdated or pejorative. [4]
Sámi Americans are Americans of Sámi descent, who originate from Sápmi, the northern regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia.The term Lapp Americans has been historically used, though lapp is considered derogatory by the Sámi.
Haplogroup I-M253 in Sami is explained by immigration (of men) during the 14th century. [8] That is quite late in Sami history bearing in mind that a distinctive Sami culture can be traced and first observed back to 1000 BC. [9] The Sami languages are thought to have split from their common ancestor about 3300 years ago. [10]
Pekka Aikio (born 1944), Finnish Sami politician, president of the Sámi Parliament of Finland; Amoc (born 1984), Finnish Sámi rapper; Agneta Andersson (born 1958), Swedish Sámi sculptor and educator; Karen Anette Anti (born 1972), Norwegian Sámi politician; Aleksandra Andreevna Antonova (1932–2014), Russian, Kildin Sámi teacher, writer ...
The Sami religion differs somewhat between regions and tribes. Although the deities are similar, their names vary between regions. The deities also overlap: in one region, one deity can appear as several separate deities, and in another region, several deities can be united in to just a few.