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Geometric relevance: The torsion τ(s) measures the turnaround of the binormal vector. The larger the torsion is, the faster the binormal vector rotates around the axis given by the tangent vector (see graphical illustrations). In the animated figure the rotation of the binormal vector is clearly visible at the peaks of the torsion function.
The torsion tensor thus is related to, although distinct from, the torsion of a curve, as it appears in the Frenet–Serret formulas: the torsion of a connection measures a dislocation of a developed curve out of its plane, while the torsion of a curve is also a dislocation out of its osculating plane.
Here the vectors N, B and the torsion are not well defined. If the torsion is always zero then the curve will lie in a plane. A curve may have nonzero curvature and zero torsion. For example, the circle of radius R given by r(t) = (R cos t, R sin t, 0) in the z = 0 plane has zero torsion and curvature equal to 1/R. The converse, however, is false.
Torsion of a square section bar Example of torsion mechanics. In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque [1] [2].Torsion could be defined as strain [3] [4] or angular deformation [5], and is measured by the angle a chosen section is rotated from its equilibrium position [6].
Therefore an intrinsic equation defines the shape of the curve without specifying its position relative to an arbitrarily defined coordinate system. The intrinsic quantities used most often are arc length s {\displaystyle s} , tangential angle θ {\displaystyle \theta } , curvature κ {\displaystyle \kappa } or radius of curvature , and, for 3 ...
The torsion constant or torsion coefficient is a geometrical property of a bar's cross-section. It is involved in the relationship between angle of twist and applied torque along the axis of the bar, for a homogeneous linear elastic bar. The torsion constant, together with material properties and length, describes a bar's torsional stiffness.
The defining property of the Carlyle circle can be established thus: the equation of the circle having the line segment AB as diameter is x(x − s) + (y − 1)(y − p) = 0. The abscissas of the points where the circle intersects the x-axis are the roots of the equation (obtained by setting y = 0 in the equation of the circle)
where κ n−1 is last Frenet curvature (the torsion of the curve) and sgn is the signum function. The minimum total absolute curvature of any three-dimensional curve representing a given knot is an invariant of the knot. This invariant has the value 2 π for the unknot, but by the Fáry–Milnor theorem it is at least 4 π for any other knot. [2]
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